The concentration and isotopic composition of carbon in basaltic glasses from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Pacific Ocean     

Blank JG  Delaney JR  Des Marais DJ 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1993,57(4):875-887

The abundance and 13C/12C ratios of carbon were analyzed in basaltic glass from twenty locations along the Juan de Fuca Ridge using a 3-step combustion/extraction technique. Carbon released during the first two combustion steps at 400-500 degrees C and 600-650 degrees C is interpreted to be secondary, and only the carbon recovered during a final combustion step at approximately 1200 degrees C is thought to be indigenous to the samples. For carbon released at approximately 1200 degrees C, glasses analyzed as 1-2 mm chips contained 23-146 ppm C with delta 13C values of -4.8 to -9.3%, whereas samples crushed to 38-63 microns or 63-90 microns yielded 56-103 ppm C with delta 13C values of -6.1 to -9.2%. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of the primary carbon dissolved in the glasses and present in the vesicles are similar to those previously reported for other ocean-ridge basalts. The Juan de Fuca basaltic magmas were not in equilibrium with respect to carbon when they erupted and quenched on the sea floor. Evidence of disequilibrium includes (1) a large range of carbon contents among glasses collected at similar depths, (2) a highly variable calculated carbon isotopic fractionation between melt and vapor determined by comparing crushed and uncrushed splits of the same sample, and (3) a lack of correlation between vesicle abundance, carbon concentration, and depth of eruption. Variations in carbon concentration and delta 13C ratios along the ridge do not correlate with major element chemistry. The observed relationship between carbon concentrations and delta 13C values may be explained by late-stage, variable degrees of open-system (Rayleigh-like) degassing.  相似文献   

Molecular and bulk isotopic analyses of organic matter in marls of the Mulhouse Basin (Tertiary, Alsace, France)     

Hollander DJ  Sinninghe Damste JS  Hayes JM  de Leeuw JW  Huc AY 《Organic Geochemistry》1993,20(8):1253-1263

Contents of 13C in kerogens and carbonates in 21 samples from a core of the MAX borehole, Mulhouse Evaporite Basin, range from -27.3 to -23.5 and -3.7 to -1.8% vs PDB, respectively. Organic nitrogen in the same samples is enriched in 15N relative to atmospheric N2 by 12.2-15.7%. Hydrogen indices and delta values for kerogens vary systematically with facies, averaging 493 mg HC/g Corg and -25.7% in the most saline facies (dominated by inputs from aquatic sources) and 267 mg HC/g Corg and -23.7% in the least saline facies (50/50 aquatic/terrigenous). Values of delta were measured for individual aliphatic hydrocarbons from three samples representing three different organic facies. For all samples, terrigenous inputs were unusually rich in 13C, the estimated delta value for bulk terrigenous debris, apparently derived partly from CAM plants, being -22.5%. In the most saline facies, isotopic evidence indicates the mixing of 13C-depleted products of photosynthetic bacteria with 13C-enriched products of halotolerant eukaryotic algae. At lower salinities, a change in the producer community is marked by a decrease in the 13C content of algal lipids. The content of 13C in algal lipids increases in the least saline facies, due either to succession of different organisms or to decreased concentrations of dissolved CO2.  相似文献   

Theoretical infrared spectra of some model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: effect of ionization     

De Frees DJ  Miller MD  Talbi D  Pauzat F  Ellinger Y 《The Astrophysical journal》1993,408(2):530-538

In order to test the hypothesis of ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as possible carriers of the UIR bands, we realized a computational exploration on selected PAHs of small dimension in order to identify which changes ionization would induce on their IR spectra. In this study we performed ab initio calculations of the spectra of neutral and positively ionized naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene. The results are significantly important. The frequencies in the cations are slightly shifted with respect to the neutral species, but no general conclusion can be reached from the three molecules considered. By contrast, the relative intensities of most vibrations are strongly affected by ionization, leading to a much better agreement between the calculated CH/CC vibration intensity ratios and those deduced from observations.  相似文献   

Preservation of biological information in thermal spring deposits: developing a strategy for the search for fossil life on Mars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Walter MR  Des Marais DJ 《Icarus》1993,101(1):129-143

Current interpretations of the early history of Mars suggest many similarities with the early Earth and therefore raise the possibility that the Archean and Proterozoic history of life on Earth could have a counterpart on Mars. Terrestrial experience suggests that, with techniques that can be employed remotely, ancient springs, including thermal springs, could well yield important information. By delivering water and various dissolved species to the sunlit surface of Mars, springs very likely created an environment suitable for life, which could have been difficult, if not impossible, to attain elsewhere. The chemical and temperature gradients associated with thermal springs sort organisms into sharply delineated, distinctive and different communities, and so diverse organisms are concentrated into relatively small areas in a predictable and informative fashion. A wide range of metabolic strategies are concentrated into small areas, thus furnishing a useful and representative sampling of the existing biota. Mineral-charged springwaters frequently deposit chemical precipitates of silica and/or carbonate which incorporate microorganisms and preserve them as fossils. The juxtaposition of stream valley headwaters with volcanoes and impact craters on Mars strongly implies that subsurface heating of groundwater created thermal springs. On Earth, thermal springs create distinctive geomorphic features and chemical signatures which can be detected by remote sensing. Spring deposits can be quite different chemically from adjacent rocks. Individual springs can be hundreds of meters wide, and complexes of springs occupy areas up to several kilometers wide. Benthic microbial mats and the resultant stromatolites occupy a large fraction of the available area. The relatively high densities of fossils and microbial mat fabrics within these deposits make them highly prospective in any search for morphological evidence of life, and there are examples of microbial fossils in spring deposits as old as 300 Myr.  相似文献   

西班牙LaCodosera地区钻孔中金品位与矿脉厚度间的分形关系     

Sand.  DJ 杨贵春 《世界地质》1994,13(4):61-65

西班牙西部钻孔中石英脉厚度和金品位的分析表明二者大体服从幂次律分布，暗含着一种分形关系。脉厚（ｔ）对累积频率（Ｎ）的双对数困反映出与金、品位有关的系统变化。在方程Ｎ＝ｃｔ￣（－Ｄ）中的幂指数Ｄ，在高品位区间内较低，表明较厚的脉中扩张作用较强，从而为含金流体的运移提供了通过。因此，脉体厚度分布的鉴别为区别脉状金矿床中矿化与非矿化构造提供了一种方法。  相似文献   

西藏林周盆地林子宗火山岩研究近况   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

董国臣  莫宣学  赵志丹  王亮  周肃 《地学前缘》2002,9(1):153-153

在过去工作的基础上 ,于 2 0 0 1年 7— 8月对西藏林周盆地进行了 1∶5万火山地质填图 ,取得了一些新的发现和进展。(1)地层方面 :在盆地西部凯布乡一带的典中组底部发现了厚层酸性火山碎屑岩 ,其成分和厚度都有一定程度的变化 ,向上与厚层安山岩直接接触 ;在白定乡西山发现典中组安山岩自西向东尖灭 ,其流动构造显示向北东 30°方向流动 ;在典中村东的典中组安山岩及凝灰岩中发现湖相火山质沉积夹层 ,火山物质以酸性为主 ,其厚度 10余米 ;在强嘎乡至冲嘎村一带的典中组顶部发现具有红色泥岩沉积 ,以安山质火山岩呈互层状产出 ,其厚度向西增…  相似文献   

麻粒岩相混合岩的出熔     

Wate.  DJ 张立辉 《世界地质》1991,10(1):14-15

麻粒岩相地体中的混合岩一般由发育于较细粒的叶理化基质中的一些粗粒的无水残留体细脉或网脉(活化体)所构成,我们认为这些特征是不一致的脱水熔融反应的结果(Waters,1988)。活化体并不代表分离熔融的成分,而是代表不同比例的(i)熔体(ii)不一致熔融的固体产物以及(iii)反应中没有被消耗掉的剩余相。在变质泥质岩和黑云母片麻岩中,近固相线的熔融成分为花岗质的,其水的含量可以做为T的函数估算出来,熔融反应可以达到平衡,因此生成相的相对体积也可预测。我们将计算的产物与实际观察的南非Nawagudand麻粒岩相混合岩的相分配和数量进行比较,在角闪岩与麻粒岩过渡带(约750℃)大约活化体中的典型成份表明有10  相似文献   

应用地球化学测井全面评价煤层     

约翰.  DJ  孙喜爱 《国土资源信息化》1992,(11):23-27

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加拿大新斯科舍梅古马群脉金矿床的综合模型     

Kont.  DJ 汤葵联 《地质地球化学》1992,(3):103-106,131

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昆士兰西北部拉迪洛雷塔层状铅—锌—银矿化带中的含锌硫镉矿     

帕特.  DJ  陈殿芬 《国外矿床地质》1989,(1):80-84

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